Thursday, October 31, 2019
Art Museum Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Art Museum - Research Paper Example He is considered a modern artist, which means that he belongs to the era that roughly extended from the 1980’s to the 1970’s, and of a movement that is characterized by a tendency towards experimentation and abstraction (Cahoone). However, despite the undeniable fact that his work was fresh and thought provoking, he shied away from creating abstract artwork, and stuck to the classical technique of oil painting. His paintings were composed and crisp, marked with the influence of the realist painter Gustave Courbet. With superficial examination one might declare that there is nothing modern about Balthus’ work. However, there is an indisputable air of strangeness to his work. This ‘strangeness’ that strikes many as almost disturbing is felt not through the style of painting but rather it was within his depictions and subjects that he displayed his modernism. Balthus’ art is marked with his fascination for the uninnocent sexuality of adolescent girls. Most of his work feature young women in an ordinary setting, but they are shown as naked, or are shown in contorted and suggestive positions. While the artist himself insists that there is no element of sexual provocation in his work (Cahoone), it is difficult to deny the stimulating and sexual nature of most of his work. An example of this would be the oil painting ‘Guitar Lesson’ which was made in 1934. While the title brings to mind an almost domestic scene, the actual painting depicts a young woman half naked with her skirt pulled almost to her waist exposing her bare private parts while she lies across her music instructor’s lap in place of a guitar. Her music instructor, who is a middle aged woman, holds her much as she would hold a guitar, with her right hand clutching the young woman’s hair and the left hand grasping her student’s inner thigh provocatively close to her
Tuesday, October 29, 2019
Problem Solution & Defense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Problem Solution & Defense - Essay Example As a part of this process, it has also acquired Enviro Tech, which is one of the Company’s major domestic competitors. Some of the salient issues that need to be addressed are as follows: (a) managing the merger with Enviro Tech successfully, paying attention to organizational issues (b) addressing the concerns of the old time employees of Inter clean and (c) the issue of training for employees. The goal of this process of transition is to transform the Company’s purely sales based approach to a solutions based approach. As a part of this approach, the organizational framework of the Company has changed, with the acquisition of Enviro tech. People management plays a critical role in a successful merger and acquisition as in this case of acquisition of Enviro tech by Inter clean, with sensitive decisions to be made on issues such as organizational design and staffing, etc but these are often elements that are overlooked. (www.coolavernues.com). In the case of Inter Clean after the acquisitions process, the members of the executive team all have different agendas and there is a lack of coordination and integration in terms of goals, motivation and long term interests of the Company. Tom wants to pursue global expansion, Sally is interested in further mergers, Janet wants to retain the status quo in terms of HR policy and Garcia and the others want to take over an important role in Sales and Marketing. This has created a win/lose situation as part of a distributive negotiations process, as a result of which there is confusion in goals, especially among Inter clean employees. There is also a conflict between the employees of Inter Clean and Enviro tech. Janet does not want to let the old employees go, while the executive team wants to include employees of Enviro tech. This is causing difficulties and confusion among employees, since some of them anticipate being
Sunday, October 27, 2019
The Fundamental Theory Of Supply And Demand Economics Essay
The Fundamental Theory Of Supply And Demand Economics Essay The theory of supply and demand is perhaps one of the most fundamental concepts of economics and it is the backbone of a market economy. The supply and demand model describes how prices vary as a result of a balance between product availability and consumer demand. Since contemporary economies rely on the market forces of supply and demand instead of government forces to distribute goods and services there must be a method for determining who gets the products that are produced. This is where supply and demand begin to work. By themselves the laws of supply and demand give us basic information, but when working together they are the key to distribution in a market economy. It is not enough for a buyer to want or desire an item. He or she must show the ability to pay and then the willingness to pay. So, demand is comprised of three things: Desire; Ability to pay; Willingness to pay. What factors alter a consumers desire, willingness and ability to pay for products? Some factors include consumers income and tastes, the prices and availability of related products like substitutes or complementary goods, and the items usefulness. Substitutes are goods that satisfy similar needs and which are normally consumed in place of each other. As the price of one substitute declines, demand for the other substitute will decrease. Butter and margarine are close substitutes. If the price of butter goes up, then people will tend to substitute margarine for butter. Complementary goods are those that are normally consumed together (e.g., DVD players and DVD movies). An increase in the price of a product will diminish demand for its complement while a decrease in the price of a product will increase demand for its complement. Think of the items usefulness this way. It is a hot summer day and you are gasping for a drink*. You come across a lemonade stand and gulp down a glass*. It tasted great so you want another. This second glass is marginal utility meaning an extra satisfaction a consumer gets by purchasing one more unit of a product. But now you reach for a third glass. Suddenly your stomach is bloated and you are feeling sick. Thats diminishing marginal utility! The law of diminishing marginal utility says that the more units one buys the less eager one is to buy more. In economics, demand is peoples desire, willingness and ability to purchase particular amounts of goods or services at certain prices in a given period of time. To the economists consumers make rational choices about how much to buy and how to spend their income on the products that will give them the greatest satisfaction at the least cost. So, demand describes the behavior of buyers. The law of demand states that the higher the price of a product, the fewer people will demand that product, that is, demand for a product varies inversely with its price, all other factors remaining equal*. Factors other than a goods price which affect the amount consumers are willing to buy are called the non-price determinants of demand. The law of demand expresses the relationship between prices and the quantity of goods and services that would be purchased at each and every price. In other words, the higher the price of a product, the lower the quantity demanded. Economists like to look at things graphically. A demand schedule is a table showing the number of units of a product that would be purchased at various prices during a given period of time. The information presented in a graphic form is called a demand curve. It shows an inverse relationship between the price and the quantity demanded. The demand curve represents the quantities of a product or service which consumers are willing and able to buy at various prices, all non-price factors being equal. The demand curve slopes downward from left to right based on the law of demand. Or to put it another way, a demand curve shows that the quantity demanded is greater at a lower price and lower at a higher price. The advantage of the curve is that it enables economists to see the relation between price and quantity demanded and to calculate approximately what the demand would be for those prices falling in between the prices that are in the demand schedule. Each point along the curve represents a different price-quantity combination. Demand schedule for cut jeans Price The quantity demanded $400 200 $350 500 $300 800 $225 1200 $175 1600 $100 2400 $50 3000 Increased demand can be represented on the graph as the curve being shifted to the right, because at each price, a greater quantity is demanded. An example of this would be more people suddenly wanting more cut jeans. On the other hand, if the demand decreases, the opposite happens. Decreased demand can be represented on the graph as the curve being shifted to the left, because at each price the quantity demanded is less. It means that fewer people want to buy cut jeans. The key point is to distinguish between demand and the quantity demanded. Demand refers to how much of a product or service is desired by buyers. The quantity demanded is the amount of a product that people are willing to buy at a certain price. The difference is subtle but important. If the demand of ice cream goes up in summer it is because consumptive demand has truly increased, clearly it is hot. In this case the business can most likely raise prices without suffering a cut in sales. This is a change in the quantity demanded. In winter the business incurs a sales fall at the same price. The only way out of increasing sales is to reduce the price. As a result of a price cut the increased sales of ice cream means that consumer demand has artificially been manipulated. In reality, actual demand is low but extra efforts have to be made to increase sales. This leads to a change in demand. Economists distinguish two different ways that the quantity of purchases of a product can change. According to the law of demand a change in price leads to a movement along the original demand curve and results in a change in the quantity demanded, that is, more will be purchased but only at a lower price. When one of the non-price factors changes (e.g., a change in income) there will be a change in demand. This change causes a shift of the demand curve either outward or inward in response to a change in a condition other than the goods price. It means that more or less will be purchased at the same price. All of the non-price determinants (changes in the size of the market, income for the average consumer, population size, the prices and availability of related goods, consumer preferences) are directly related to consumers. In other words, at any given price, consumers will be willing and able to purchase either more or less. Lets take a look at an effect a change in consumer preferences or desire for a particular product leads to. On the one hand, if a product like cut jeans becomes the latest fashion fad, demand at any given price will be increased and the demand curve shifts out. On the other hand, if there is a decline in the size of the market or a product becomes unfashionable then the demand curve shifts in. Thus, the only thing that can change the quantity demanded is a change in the market price, all other things remaining the same. While a change in demand results from changes of any of the non-price determinants, the goods price being equal. To understand better the theory of supply and demand it is necessary to know how much buyers and sellers respond to price changes. This responsiveness is called elasticity. Elasticity varies among products because some products may be more essential to the consumer. A good or service is considered to be highly elastic if a slight change in price leads to a sharp change in the quantity demanded. A price increase of a product or service that isnt considered a necessity will discourage more consumers to buy the product or service. On the other hand, an inelastic good or service is one in which changes in price bring about only modest changes in the quantity demanded, if any at all. Products that are necessities are more insensitive to price changes because consumers will continue buying these products despite a price rise. It is known as the price elasticity of demand. In economics, the price elasticity of demand is an elasticity that measures the nature and degree of the relationship between changes in the quantity demanded of a commodity and changes in its price. One typical application of the concept of elasticity is to consider what happens to consumer demand for a product when prices increase. As the price of a product rises, consumers will usually demand less of that product, perhaps by consuming less, substituting another product for it, and so on. The greater the extent to which demand falls as price rises, the greater the price elasticity of demand is. Demand is called elastic if a small change in price has a relatively large effect on the quantity demanded. The number and quality of substitutes for a product are the basic influence on price elasticity of demand. If the prices of substitutes remain the same, a rise in the products price will discourage consumers from buying this product. On the other hand, if there is a price cut in the product, consumers will substitute other items for this product. Thus, the demand for this product tends to be elastic. In general, demand is elastic for non-essential commodities (visits to theatres or concerts, holidays, parties, etc.) However, there are some goods that consumers cannot consume less of, and cannot find substitutes for even if prices rise. Some goods and services that are necessities, relatively inexpensive and difficult to find substitutes are said to have inelastic demand. To put it another way, a change in price results in a relatively small effect on the quantity demanded. The elasticity of demand also deals with the effect of a price change on the sellers total revenue, that is the amount paid by the buyers and received by the sellers of products. When the price elasticity of demand for a product is elastic, the percentage change in quantity is greater than the percentage change in price. Hence*, when the price is raised, the total revenue of producers falls, and the total revenue of producers rises, when the price is decreased. When the price elasticity of demand for a product is inelastic, the percentage change in quantity is smaller than the percentage change in price. Therefore, when the price is raised, the total revenue of producers rises and the total revenue of producers decreases, when there is a goods price fall. COMMENTS: to gasp for a drink à  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  ²Ãƒâ€˜-à  ´ Ñ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ³Ãƒ  ¸; to gulp down a glass à  ¶Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ´Ãƒâ€˜-à  ±Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾/à  ºÃƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  ¾ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ºÃƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  ½Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒâ€˜-à  ¹; all other factors remaining equal à  ·Ãƒ  ° уà  ¼Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ², ц°Ãƒ  ¾ уÑ Ñ- Ñ-à  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‹â€ Ñ- Ñ„Ã Â °Ãƒ  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸ à  ·Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã‹â€ à  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã… ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’Ñ Ñ à  ½Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒ  ¸; hence à  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¶Ãƒ  µ, à  ·Ãƒ  ²Ãƒâ€˜-à  ´Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ à  ¸, à  ² Ñâ‚ ¬Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ·Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’Ñ‚Ã Â °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€˜-. Exercise 1. Read, translate into Ukrainian in writing and memorize the following economic terms and concepts. Complementary goods: the two goods tend to be consumed or used together in relatively fixed or standardized proportions. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Demand curve: the graphical representation of how demand for something varies in relation to its price. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Demand schedule: a table showing the quantities of a product that would be purchased at various prices at a given time. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Demand: the level of a consumers willingness, ability and desire or need that exist for particular goods or services. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Diminishing marginal utility: each successive increase in consumption of a product or service provides less additional enjoyment or usefulness than the previous one. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Elastic demand: Demand for which a small change in price results in a large change in demand. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Elasticity: An economic concept which is concerned with a shift in either demand for or supply of an economic product as the result of a change in a products price. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Inelastic demand: Demand for which a large change in price leads to only a small change in demand. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Law of demand: the economic law that states that demand for a product varies inversely with its price. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Law of diminishing marginal utility: the economic law that states that for a single consumer the marginal utility of a commodity diminishes for each additional unit of the commodity consumed. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Marginal utility: the additional satisfaction a consumer gains from consuming one more unit of a good or service. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Price elasticity of demand: The degree to which demand for a commodity responds to a change in the price of this commodity. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Substitute: a product or service that partly satisfies the need of a consumer that another product or service fulfills. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Utility: an economic term referring to the total satisfaction received from consuming a good or service. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TEXT Transactions require both buyers and sellers. Thus, demand is only one aspect of decisions about prices and the amounts of goods traded, supply is the other. So, supply is one of the two key determinants of price. The theory of supply explains the mechanisms by which prices and levels of production are set. Unlike demand, supply describes the behavior of sellers. In economics, supply relates to the quantity of goods or services that a producer or a supplier is willing to bring into the market (à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ã Â ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  ² à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ¶) at a particular price in a given time period, all other things being equal. The law of supply states that the quantity of a commodity supplied (Ñ‚Ã Â ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬, Ñ à  ºÃƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¹ à  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ã Â °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ тьѠѠ) varies directly with its price, all other factors that may determine supply remaining the same. The law of supply expresses the relationship between prices and the quantity of goods and services that sellers would offer for sale (à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ¶) at each and every price. In other words, the higher the price of a product, the higher the quantity supplied. As the price of a commodity increases relative to price of all other goods, business enterprises switch resources and production from other goods to production of this commodity, increasing the quantity supplied. Clearly the law of supply is the opposite of the law of demand. Consumers want to pay as little as they can. They will buy more when there is a price decrease in the market. Sellers, on the other hand, want to charge as much as they can. They will be willing to make more and sell more as the price goes up. In this way they can maximize profits. (à  ·Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾ à  ·Ãƒ  ±Ãƒâ€˜-à  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’шуà  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ±Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ºÃƒ  ¸) The relationship between price of a product and its quantity supplied is represented in a table called a supply schedule. The supply curve is a graphic representation of the market supply schedule and the law of supply. The supply curve shows a direct relationship (à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ à  ¼Ãƒ  ¾ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-à  ¹Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ·Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ¶Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜-Ñ ть) between the quantities of products that firms are willing to produce and sell at various prices, all non-price factors (à  ½Ãƒ  µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-à  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒâ€˜- Ñ„Ã Â °Ãƒ  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸) being constant. The supply curve slopes upward from left to right based on the law of supply. Producers supply more at a higher price because selling a larger quantity at a higher price increases their revenue. Supply schedule for cut jeans Price The quantity supplied $400 3000 $350 2400 $300 1600 $225 1200 $175 800 $100 500 $50 200 The supply curve enables producers to anticipate (à  ´Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  ¼Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¶Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ²Ãƒâ€˜-Ñ ть à  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ±Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ºÃƒ  °Ãƒ  ¼ à  ¿Ãƒ  µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ´Ãƒ  ±Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸) what the supply would be for those prices falling in between the prices that are in the supply schedule. Each point along the curve represents a different price-quantity combination, or to put it another way, a direct correlation between the quantities supplied and price. Like a movement along the demand curve, a movement along the supply curve will occur when a price change leads to a change in the quantity supplied (à  ·Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ²Ãƒ  µÃƒ  »Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ-), that is, more will be offered for sale but only at a higher price or vice versa. Like a shift in the demand curve, a shift in the supply curve to the right or to the left means that the quantity supplied is affected by a factor other than a products price. (Ñ„Ã Â °Ãƒ  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬ Ñ-à  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‹â€ à  ¸Ãƒ  ¹ à  ½Ãƒâ€˜-à  ¶ цÑ-à  ½Ãƒ  ° Ñ‚Ã Â ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™) People often confuse supply with the quantity supplied. The difference between supply and quantity supplied is that Supply represents the amounts of items that suppliers are willing and able to offer for sale at different prices at a particular time and place, all non-price determinants being equal. The quantity supplied refers to the amount of a certain product producers are willing to supply at a certain price (à  ·Ãƒ  ° à  ¿Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ²Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã… ½ цÑ-à  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã… ½). A change in the price of the product will cause a change in the quantity supplied. Price is an important determinant of the quantities supplied. The law of supply states that the amount offered for sale rises, as the price is higher. The quantity of pairs of cut jeans producers are willing to offer for sale rises, since their price is higher primarily because they need to cover the increased costs of production. (à  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  ·Ãƒ  ±Ãƒâ€˜-à  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’шà  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜- à  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ±Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒâ€˜- à  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸) Thus, according to the law of supply a change in price leads to a movement along the original supply curve and results in a change in the quantity supplied. On the one hand, an upward movement along the curve (Ñâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ уà  ·Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  ¶ à  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜- Ñ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ à  ¼Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¹ уà  ³Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™) represents an increase in the quantity supplied as the price is raised. On the other hand, a downward movement along the curve shows a decrease in the quantity supplied as a result of a price reduction. When one of the factors other than a products price changes (e.g., a change in technology) there will be a change in supply. Economists use the term supply to refer to the original supply curve. An increase in supply is reflected by a shift of the supply curve to the right. It means that at the same price, sellers are willing to supply more than they were willing to supply before (à  ²Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸ à  ±Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  ¸ à  ³Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒâ€˜- à  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ã Â °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ Ñâ‚ ¬Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜-шà  µ). A decrease in supply is represented by a shift of the original supply curve to the left. It means that at any given price, producers are willing to supply less than they were willing to supply before. However, there are things other than price which affect the amounts of goods and services suppliers are able to bring into the market. These things are called the non-price determinants of supply. As it has been mentioned a change in the quantity supplied caused only by a change in the price of the product. A change in supply is caused by a change in the non-price determinants of supply. Based on a new supply schedule (à  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ ц¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  · à  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜- шà  ºÃƒ  °Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  ¸ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ-), the supply curve moves inward or outward since the prices stay the same and only the quantities supplied change. Non-price determinants of supply are: Changes in the cost of production. Production costs relate to the labour costs and other costs of doing business (à  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  µÃƒ  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã‚ à  ¿Ãƒ  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ- à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜-à  ´Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ à  ¼Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ã Â ²Ãƒ  °) used in production process. The cost of production is probably one of the most important influences on production process. An increase in the costs of any input brings about the lower output, which means that the supply curve will shift inward. Regardless of the price that a firm can charge for its product, price must exceed costs (à  ¿Ãƒ  µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸) to make a profit. Thus, the supply decision (Ñâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ€˜-шà  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ ц°Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  ¾ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ-) is a decision in response to changes in the cost of production. Changes in technology. Changes in technology usually result in improved productivity. Improved technology decreases production costs and therefore increases supply. Changes in the price of resources needed to produce goods and services. If the price of a resource used to produce the product increases, this will increase the production costs and the producer will no longer be willing to offer the same quantity at the same price. He will want to charge a higher price to cover the higher costs. As a result the supply curve will shift inward. Changes in the expectations of future prices. Changes in producers expectations about the future price can cause a change in the current supply (Ñ-Ñ à  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€˜Ã… ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ° à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ ) of products. If producers anticipate a price rise in the future, they may prefer to store their products today and sell them later. As a result, the current supply of a particular product will decrease. In this case a supply curve will shift to the left. It is necessary to keep in mind that supply is not the quantity available for sale. (à  ºÃƒâ€˜-à  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à  ºÃƒâ€˜-Ñ ть, Ñ à  ºÃƒ  ° Ñ†à  ² à  ½Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ à  ²Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ñ- à  ´Ãƒ  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ¶Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™) Changes in the profit opportunities. If a business firm produces more than one product, a change in the price of one product can change the supply of another product. For example, automobile manufacturers can produce both small and large cars. If the price of small cars rises, the producers will produce more small cars to earn higher profits. They will shift the resources of the plant from the production of large cars to the production of small ones. Therefore, the supply of small cars will increase and a supply curve will shift outward. So, profit opportunities encourage producers to produce those goods that have high prices. Changes in the number of suppliers in the market. Potential producers are producers who can produce a product but dont do it because of relatively low price. If price of a product rises potential suppliers will switch over production to that product to make more profit. If more producers enter a market, the supply will increase, shifting the supply curve to the right. Making a summary it is necessary to emphasize that the understanding of concepts of supply and demand provides an explanation of how prices are determined in competitive markets. (à  ºÃƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¹ Ñâ‚ ¬Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  º) An important concept in understanding supply and demand theories is elasticity. Comprehension of elasticity (Ñâ‚ ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ à  µÃƒ  »Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ã Â ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ñ-) is useful to understand the response of supply to changes in consumer demand in order to achieve an expected result or avoid unforeseen consequences (уà  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ºÃƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  ½Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ¿Ãƒ  µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ´Ãƒ  ±Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ à  ½Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ à  »Ãƒâ€˜-à  ´Ãƒ  ºÃƒâ€˜-à  ²). For example, an entrepreneur expecting a price increase might find that* it lowers the profits if demand is highly elastic, as sales would fall sharply. Similarly, a business reckoning on a price cut might find that* it does not increase sales, if demand for the product is inelastic. In economics, the price elasticity of supply is the degree of proportionality with which the amount of a commodity offered for sale changes in response to a given change in the going price. In other words elasticity of supply is a measure of how much the quantity supplied of a particular product responds to a change in the price of that product. Elasticity of supply works similar to elasticity of demand. If a change in price results in a large change in the quantity supplied, supply is considered elastic. On the other hand, if a great change in price brings about a small change in the quantity supplied, supply is called inelastic. Here are the determinants of price elasticity of supply: the ability of producers to change the amount of goods they produce time period needed to alter the output. Elasticity of supply is different in the short run and the long run. The quantity of a product supplied in the short run differs from the amount produced, as manufacturers have stocks of finished products (à  ·Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ à  ¸ à  ³Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜- à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ- ) as well as raw materials which they have to build up or reduce. In the long run quantity supplied and quantity produced are equal but it takes time to adjust supply to current demand and going prices. For example, supply of many goods can be increased over time by allocating alternative resources, investing in an expansion of production capacity, or developing competitive products that can substitute for hot items. Hence, supply is more elastic in the long run than in the short run. COMMENTS A different price-quantity combination Ñ-à  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‹â€ à  ° à  ºÃƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒ  ±Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-ѠцÑ-à  ½Ãƒ  ¸ Ñ‚Ã Â ° à  ºÃƒâ€˜-à  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à  ºÃƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ñ-; an entrepreneur expecting a price increase might find that à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜-à  ´Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ à  ¼Ãƒ  µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ÑŒ, Ñ à  ºÃƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¹ Ñ à  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒâ€˜-à  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ‚ÑŒÑ Ñ à  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜-à  ´Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ цÑ-à  ½Ãƒ  ¸, à  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ³ à  ±Ãƒ  ¸ à  ·Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ уà  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸, ц°Ãƒ  ¾; a business reckoning on a price cut might find that à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜-à  ´Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ à  ¼Ãƒ  µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ÑŒ, Ñ à  ºÃƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¹ Ñâ‚ ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ à  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ·Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¶Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ цÑ-à  ½Ãƒ  ¸, à  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ³ à  ±Ãƒ  ¸ à  ·Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ уà  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸, ц°Ãƒ  ¾. Exercise 1. Read, translate into Ukrainian in written form and memorize the definitions of the following economic terms and concepts. Elastic supply: Supply for which a percentage change in a products price causes a larger percentage change in the quantity supplied. à †¢Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ã Â ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ : à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ à  ·Ãƒ  ° Ñ à  ºÃƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜- à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ à  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ·Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ² цÑ-à  ½Ãƒâ€˜- Ñ‚Ã Â ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’ à  ´Ãƒ  ¾ à  ±Ãƒâ€˜-à  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’шà  ¾Ãƒâ€˜- à  ·Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒ  ¸ à  ²Ãƒ  µÃƒ  »Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ-. Elasticity of supply: The degree to which supply of a commodity responds to a change in that commoditys price. à †¢Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ã Â ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜-Ñ ть à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ-: à  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¶Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ à  ·Ãƒ  ° Ñ à  ºÃƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¼ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ тà  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™ Ñâ‚ ¬Ãƒ  µÃƒ  °Ãƒ  ³Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ à  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ·Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™ цÑ-à  ½Ãƒ  ¸ Ñ‚Ã Â ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™. Inelastic supply: Supply for which a percentage change in a products price causes a smaller percentage change in the quantity supplied. à  à  µÃƒ  µÃƒ  »Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ã Â ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ : à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ à  ·Ãƒ  ° Ñ à  ºÃƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜- à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ à  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ·Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒ  ° цÑ-à  ½Ãƒ  ¸ Ñ‚Ã Â ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’ à  ´Ãƒ  ¾ à  ¼Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‹â€ à  ¾Ãƒâ€˜- à  ·Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒ  ¸ à  ²Ãƒ  µÃƒ  »Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸ à  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™. Law of supply: the economic law that states as the price of a commodity that producers are willing and able to offer for sale during a particular period of time rises (falls), the quantity of the commodity supplied goes up (decreases), all non-price determinates being equal. à -à  °Ãƒ  ºÃƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ½ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ-: à  µÃƒ  ºÃƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-ц¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¹ à  ·Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ºÃƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ½, Ñ à  ºÃƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¹ Ñ тà  ²Ãƒ  µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  ¶Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ , ц°Ãƒ  ¾ Ñ à  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ  ¾ цÑ-à  ½Ãƒ  ° Ñ‚Ã Â ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™, Ñ à  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã†â€™ à  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ±Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ºÃƒ  ¸ à  ³Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒâ€˜- Ñ‚Ã Â ° à  ·Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜- à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  ´Ãƒ  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ¶Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™ à  ·Ãƒ  ° à  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¹ à  ¿Ãƒ  µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜-à  ¾Ãƒ  ´ ц¡Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ у, à  ·Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ã Â °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ (Ñ à  ¿Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ), à  ºÃƒâ€˜-à  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à  ºÃƒâ€˜-Ñ ть à  ·Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ³Ãƒ  ¾ Ñ‚Ã Â ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™ à  ·Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ã Â °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ (Ñ à  ºÃƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ тьѠѠ), à  ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ- à  ½Ãƒ  µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-à  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒâ€˜- à  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ºÃƒ  ¸ à  ·Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã‹â€ à  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã… ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’ÑÂ Ñ Â Ã Â ½Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒ  ¸. Quantity supplied: the amount of a product that producers are willing and able to sell at a certain price during a time period, all other factors that may determine supply remaining the same. à ’à  µÃƒ  »Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ-: à  ºÃƒâ€˜-à  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à  ºÃƒâ€˜-Ñ ть Ñ‚Ã Â ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜-à  ², Ñ à  ºÃƒâ€˜- à  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ±Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ºÃƒ  ¸ à  ³Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒâ€˜- Ñ‚Ã Â ° à  ·Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜- à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  ·Ãƒ  ° à  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜- цÑ-à  ½Ãƒ  ¸ à  ²Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  ¶ à  ¿Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ²Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ³Ãƒ  ¾ à  ¿Ãƒ  µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜-à  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™ ц¡Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ у, à  ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ- Ñ -à  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‹â€ Ñ- Ñ„Ã Â °Ãƒ  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸, Ñ à  ºÃƒâ€˜- à  ¼Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¶Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’ à  ²Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  ¸ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-ÑÅ ½ à  ·Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã‹â€ à  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã… ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’Ñ Ñ à  ½Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒ  ¸. Supply: the total amount of a commodity available for purchase by consumers. à Å ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ : Ñ уà  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ºÃƒâ€˜-à  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à  ºÃƒâ€˜-Ñ ть Ñ‚Ã Â ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜-à  ² à  ´Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ туà  ¿Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ à  ´Ãƒ  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  ±Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ à  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¶Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒ  ¸. Supply curve: the graphical representation of how supply varies as prices change. à Å ¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  ° à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ-: à  ³Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ€˜-ц¡Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  µ à  ²Ãƒâ€˜-à  ´Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ±Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ¶Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ½Ãƒ  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ñ‚Ã Â ¾Ãƒ  ³Ãƒ  ¾, Ñ à  º à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ à  ·Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã… ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ‚ÑŒÑ Ñ Ñ à  ºÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ  ¾ à  ·Ãƒ  ¼Ãƒâ€˜-à  ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã… ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã… ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’ѠѠцÑ-à  ½Ãƒ  ¸. Supply schedule: a table showing the quantities of a product that would be offered for sale at various prices at a given time. à  ¨Ãƒ  ºÃƒ  °Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  ° à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ·Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ-Ñ-: Ñ‚Ã Â °Ãƒ  ±Ãƒ  »Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ Ñ , ц°Ãƒ  ¾ à  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ºÃƒ  °Ãƒ  ·Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ à  ºÃƒâ€˜-à  »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à  ºÃƒâ€˜-Ñ ть Ñ‚Ã Â ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™, Ñ à  ºÃƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¹ à  ±Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  µ à  ·Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¸Ãƒ  ¹ à  ½Ãƒ  ° à  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  °Ãƒ  ¶ à  ·Ãƒ  ° Ñâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ€˜-à  ·Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒâ€˜- цÑ-à  ½Ãƒ  ¸ à  ²Ãƒ  ¿Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ´Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ²Ãƒ  ¶ à  ¿Ãƒ  µÃƒ  ²Ãƒ  ½Ãƒ  ¾Ãƒ  ³Ãƒ  ¾ ц¡Ãƒ  °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ у.
Friday, October 25, 2019
European Fascism Essay examples -- European Fascist Regimes
Fascism is both an outgrowth of and a reaction against nineteenth-century liberalism. Nineteenth-century liberals argued for laissez-faire economics, the equality of men (and it was, explicitly, men), and the universality of human progress and human reason. Underlying all of these ideals was the sanctity of the individual. By the 1920s, though, these liberal ideals were challenged (Paxton 36-41). Laissez-faire economics led to dingy, heartless industrial towns; anthropological research called into question the equality of all people; economic crises threatened to drop the newly emerging middle-class into the proletariat, arguing against progress; and the mass annihilation of human life in the Great War eroded belief in rationality. Fascist regimes developed in response to the crumbling world view of the West. Fascists offered a â€Å"national revival in which racial purity, mass fervor and authoritarian rule somehow reinforced one another†(Paxton 218). By defining the nation in opposition to other races, fascists promoted a sense of inclusiveness and security. The idealization of the nation as an organic being promoted jingoistic fervor and a sense of worth. Finally, the authoritarian figure (always a man) was reminiscent of older, and therefore more secure, forms of ruleâ€â€the father figure or the monarch. Fascists offered remedies to what many saw as the disease that was modern culture. These fascist themesâ€â€racial purity, mass fervor, and authoritarian ruleâ€â€are held together by one common principle: the degradation of the individual and concomitant exaltation of the group. This principle is a reaction against liberal ideas that lionize the individual. The mechanism by which fascists degraded the indiv... ...f fascism, can we afford it? These five authors answer a resounding no. Works Cited Blackstone, Bernard. Virginia Woolf: A Commentary. London: Hogarth, 1949. Camus, Albert. The Plague. Trans. Stuart Gilbert. New York: Vintage International, 1991. Horkheimer, Max, and Theodor Adorno. â€Å"The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception,†in Dialectics of Enlightenment. New York: Seabury Press, 1972: 120-167. Leser, Esther H. Thomas Mann’s Short Fiction. Cranbury: Associated University Press, 1989. Mann, Thomas. Mario and the Magician. Trans. H. L. Lowe Porter. New York: Knopf, 1931. Parker, Emmet. Albert Camus: The Artist in the Arena. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966. Paxton, Robert O. Europe in the Twentieth Century. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985. Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. London: Hogarth, 1977.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Tikal
With its plethora of palaces, altars, shrines, and soaring temples, Tikal may be the premier Maya site. For over 1,100 years, the Maya built here, expanding the site until it covered an area of 25 square miles. In its heyday, the city may have had 100,000 residents, and it was ruled by a single dynasty of over 39 successive rulers. The heart of the site is the Great Plaza, which is surrounded by the Central Acropolis, the North Acropolis, and Temples I and II.In the North Acropolis alone, 100 buildings lie piled atop one another. Temple I is 145 feet tall, but it is dwarfed by Temple IV. At 212 feet, Temple IV, built around A. D. 741, is the tallest pre-Columbian structure in the Western Hemisphere. Champey is located 11km to the south of Lanquin, in a valley with steep walls, surrounded by tropical humid forest. There is a 300m long limestone bridge, on top of which there are several natural pools of different sizes, filled with crystalline mountain spring water.The pools are 3-14 f t. deep. Underneath the bridge is the Cahabon River. At the end of the bridge, the water from the pools falls rejoining the river, forming a 40ft waterfall. The color of the water changes during the year depending on the season, sun and other natural factors, making for unique picture-taking opportunities. It is a beautiful place, often called idyllic. Copan is located in northern Honduras. The first descriptions of Copan appeared in a letter to King Philip II of Spain dated March 8, 1576.Home to the longest text in Precolumbian America, the stairway provides a history of Copan written in stone. More than 2,200 blocks rise from steps that recorded the history of the 16th ruler Yax K’uk Mo’. Carved out of greenish andesite makes this even more fascinating. Alter Q shows Yax K’uk Mo’ transferring power to the final ruler of Copan, Yax Pac. During Holly Week, Antigua Guatemala hosts the most beautiful religious celebration in the America, when huge processio ns wind their way through the town’s streets.The Spanish Colonial style permeates every part of the town: its houses, churches, squares, parks and ruins, also its traditions and folklore as well Copan Ruinas, a small and beautiful town just a few minutes from the Copan Mayan Ruins. It is a peaceful town that offers you all basic services you need to make your visit an enjoyable experience, such as hotels, restaurants, museums, handicrafts, and many other amenities. Just a few minutes away, the Copan Archaelogical Park, declared by UNESCO a Patrimony to Humanity, is waiting for you.Copan Ruinas is located on the Western side of Honduras, very near the border with Guatemala. It is only 12 km from the border crossing point of El Florido, and about 240 km from Guatemala City and 160 km from San Pedro Sula, which is the main Honduran gateway into Copan. http://www. semucchampey. com/en/semuc-champey. html https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gt. html http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/maya/media/copa_01_q. html http://www. lonelyplanet. com/guatemala/practical-information/money-costs http://mayaruins. com/yucmap. html
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Confederacy Theory
These analysts fear that China's improving military capableness risk undermining current security Hyannis predicated upon realism's hegemonic stably theory. Hegemonic stably argues that because the united States possesses overwhelming economic and malpractice might, the international order has remained relatively stable (Snyder 2009, 6-7). Liberalism and interstate cooperation has flourished because security has been guaranteed by the united States, who acts as an arbiter in local or regional disputes.Of late, however, US hegemony is waning. After two failed wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and a global economic recession, the relative power losses of the united States coupled with the economic and militaristic rise of China has realist analysts predicting deepening security dilemmas between China and her neighbors and China and the US (Christensen 1999, 49-51; Braver 2007/8, 44 Newer 2009, 206-207).The ‘security dilemma' narrative contends that declining US power and influence in East Asia will precipitate increased nationalism, instability, and conflict, and the emergence of a new great power capable of challenging the US will accelerate the decline of the us-backed liberal order (Snyder 1999, 10-12). Accordingly, a security dilemma follows logically with the decline of a hegemony. However, as China continues its ascent and the US seems poised to decline, the stability of the international order has remained relatively in tact.In fact, rather than undermining or challenging the liberal international order, China seems eager to participate in the existing structure (Liana 2007, 5-20). China is not adhering to Sun Tutu's maxim that a rising power will increasingly flex its military muscle. Instead, â€Å"China's behavior challenges existing arguments†¦ On power transitions, which assert that a rising state is likely to use force†(Braver 2007, 47). Accordingly, the predominate Yosemite theories of realism and neo-liberals are falling to adequately account for China's peaceful and nonviolent behavior given Its gains In relative power (Newer 2009, 207).If a different theory can more accurately explain China's peaceful rise despite relative power gains, than perhaps the very notion of a security dilemma can be effectively overcome. This essay will challenge hegemonic stably and Introduce the nascent concept of confederacy theory and Its gulden principle of a ‘prosperity-interest'. This essay will then demonstrate that prosperity-interests are effectively maligning the traditional resent of a security dilemma in Taiwan and in China by elevating prosperity and a security dilemma are a self-fulfilling prophecy – if you expect security concerns to be paramount, they will be.However, while this narrative predicts increased tensions, the reality presents a far different picture. Security dilemmas are being normalized by an expanding commercialism that priorities growth and prosperity over conflict. Confederacy Theory Con federacy theory was presented by Squids Snyder who reflected that the actions of states in the current global order do not properly fit into extant systemic theories. Snyder argues that the liberal international order constructed post WI is no longer being singularly supported by US hegemony.Instead, the international order is currently buttressed by what Snyder calls ‘a confederate structure composed of a cluster of liberal states engaged in vigorous commercial rivalry (Snyder 2009, 15). The role of the United States has shifted from being the system's underwriter to simply being its largest participant. At the center of the current international order are nations interacting and integrating commercially at unprecedented levels while simultaneously competing against one another to make gains in relative prosperity.The nucleus of this order is not composed of the United States, nor will it be controlled singularly by China or any rising state. Instead, power resides in a cohes ive commercial league of nations centered around the strongest Western powers plus Japan. â€Å"This league is a major power configuration that has altered competitive dynamics such that commercial integration†¦ Not military opposition and revision, has become the dominant competitive strategy' (Snyder 2009, 34).The Cold War marked an era wherein acquiring guns at any cost meant acquiring security and power – hence why the Cold War is the apotheosis of realism. Today, however, the obvious reality that money buys guns is trumping the strategic imperative of having guns. In the current global order, wealth is power, and in order to maximize wealth, countries are seeking â€Å"the desired benefits derived from membership and inclusion in the commercial order†(Snyder 2009, 19). The sheer magnitude of commercialism dictates that in order to compete nations must Join in so as not to be left behind.A country's strength â€Å"to a large degree hinges on [its] ability t o integrate itself into he dominant liberal commercial order,†(Snyder 2009, 16). In order to prosper and be competitive, nations must appeal to foreign direct investment (FED), attract the brightest minds from around the world, invest in human capital, invest in foreign companies, attract overseas firms, reciprocally trade in raw materials, acquire cheap energy, etc. (Myers 2010, 2-7). For a state to enhance its power and security, it must enhance its access to economic and commercial resources.Failure to engage with this league of nations means a failure to economically grow; and a failure to grow dads to instability, both domestically and militarily. Accordingly, the guiding principle to security and power isn't simply owning a gun, it's possessing the wealth and prosperity to buy a gun any time you need. Prosperity & The Security Dilemma – What does this mean for Security Dynamics? Despite underlying shifts in the distribution of power between nations, â€Å"the ba sic represents the nucleus of a new order predicated upon prosperity, not military power.In this system, â€Å"the most powerful driver of competitive behavior relates not to survival, but prosperity and commerce†(Snyder 2009, 16). To this point, confederacy theory seems in line with neo-liberalism. However, while integration can exist along a wide spectrum of interests, the principle phenomenon in confederacy theory focuses on the magnitude of commerce rather than on inter- governmental relations and the concept of institutional peace. Commercialism inherently requires a heavy degree of institutionalizing, but the important factor is that each state retains its sovereignty.A security dilemma is avoidable not because the institutions themselves mitigate conflict, but because commerce becomes the entrap arena wherein â€Å"the balance has shifted from guns to butter†(Snyder 2009, While liberals optimistically await the end of competitive inclinations, confederacy theo ry argues that competitive dynamics persist, but only in reaction to economic pressures rather than traditional military capabilities. â€Å"Every state still prefers to make gains relative to rivals†in order to maintain a prosperity gap (Snyder 2009, 24).Accordingly, security interests are not abandoned for absolute gains; only, â€Å"prosperity interests have eclipsed security concerns while competition has shifted to immemorial rivalry' (Snyder 2009, 34). Because competition and relative gains remain despite collaboration and overwhelming interaction, the security dilemma isn't simply removed from the equation. Instead, what confederacy theory argues is a normalization of traditional security concerns because a state's viable strategic options are fundamentally limited.If participating in commercialism provides the means to economically prosper, then it logically follows that states will conform to systemic requirements in order to be included. While institutions like th e World Trade Organization exist to ensure fair trade raciest, what is more fascinating are how nations are conforming their behavior to unwritten rules or best practices in order to increase national competitiveness economically. In order to attract capital and investment, nations must demonstrate political stability and economic liberalism.For instance, nations must have a consistent and enforceable legal system; they must protect intellectual property, promote innovation, and enforce banking and finance norms. In short, â€Å"capital follows opportunity†¦ [and] seeks out political stability' (Snyder 2009, 20). Military posturing r even the threat of instability inherently limits national competitiveness in attracting capital and growth. China's GAP the year before the Attainment square incident grew 1 1. 9%; in the two years following Attainment, GAP grew merely 4. 1% and 3. 8% respectively (Workloads).Security dilemmas will still exist, but countries literally can not affo rd to act upon fears at the risk of substantially limiting their ability to continue to prosper relative to other nations. â€Å"Even those who might arguably have Justifiable reason to fear one another?as the US might be wary of China's rise?none can actually afford to act on Hess fears in the ways Unrealism expects†(Snyder 2009, 19). Concerning the security dilemmas that may arise from China's military modernization, none is more precarious than the China-Taiwan relationship.China has continued to emphasize its ‘One-China' policy as a top priority, and to demonstrate their resolve, China has hundreds of missiles pointed at Taipei to ensure compliance to the 2005 ‘anti-cessation' law threatening force if Taiwan proceeds with formal independence (Rigger 2006, 1). Realist analysts view the region as a powder keg waiting to erupt. To highlight the depth of concern, realists note that even characteristics of the traditional security dilemma are heightened as defensi ve weaponry, which is usually not considered a move towards escalation, is seen as overtly threatening (Christensen 2009, 51).Despite these ominous trends, Taiwan is actually moving closer to China rather than distancing itself (Rigger 2006, 2-4). Though Taiwan is experiencing increased nationalism, which should fuel resentment and conflict, traditional realist concerns over military balancing are not their immediate concern. There is an emerging paradox in Taiwan wherein as the number of people identifying themselves as Taiwanese increases, there is a simultaneous decreasing desire for formal independence.Shelley Rigger investigated this phenomenon and concluded that a generational gap exists in Taiwan wherein the younger population (18-35), though increasingly identifying themselves as Taiwanese, looks upon China with pragmatism and rationality rather than traditional aggression. Rigger does note that, â€Å"there is powerful logic†¦ That as Taiwanese lose their emotional at tachment to Chinese identity, they will be less interested in interacting†with China. Such a powerful logic', however, is rooted in an obsolete model of systemic theory.Instead, Rigger notes that the emotional component that normally triggers resentment and distrust in these instances is being replaced with increased pragmatism. In a survey Rigger conducted of 18-35 year old Taiwanese residents, 73% of respondents said they would encourage increasing cross-strait economic engagement (Rigger 2006, 29) as a means to improving Titan's economy. Additionally, a majority of respondents said they'd be willing to work or study in mainland China.In a subsequent survey asking what is their most pressing concern, majority of 19-30 year old Taiwanese residents cited ‘personal economic concerns' as the number one issue; only 7% of respondents cited political tensions with China. Rigger concluded that for the younger generation of Taiwanese issues of unification and independence â₠¬Å"are of little concern to them†¦ They are far more interested in pragmatic issues involving economics, employment, and education†(Rigger 2006, 27). Accordingly, the trend of ‘Atomization' that realists fear has instead produced immense optimism about the future of China-Taiwan relations (Rigger 2006, 4).As the elder generation of Taiwan residents slowly cedes power to a younger and less historically minded generation of politicians, businessmen, and military officers, there is a greater likelihood that hostilities will be minimized by a rationality and pragmatism that recognizes cooperation and commercialism as the means to economic prosperity. China & The Security Dilemma been the principal drivers of China's very high level of international economic integration. In turn, the pragmatic imperative to continue rapid economic growth†¦ As gradually led China to participate more actively and cooperatively' (Lang 007, 147). This ‘pragmatic imperative' expla ins why, in the military realm, â€Å"China has been less belligerent than leading theories of IR might have predicted†(Braver, 2007/8, 45). Taylor Braver examined all instances, since 1949, in which China used force during territorial disputes. He concluded that China rarely exploits its military superiority and has instead opted to offer concessions rather than leverage or utilize military force (Braver 2007/8, 45).In the instances where force was used, China had suffered a ‘negative shift in bargaining power', meaning China's relative power was lessened by he the military modernization of a rival (Braver 2007/8, 47). Framer's conclusions directly challenge realist claims. China has only used forced when its relative power has declined and not when its power has increased! This study reinforces the notion that though security dilemmas may still exist, China will not be the instigator of tensions.The United States or Taiwan may view China's actions as heightening or e levating security concerns, but in reality, China acts simply to maintain a security balance rather than to increase their own first-strike capability. While examining the role of the PLAN in crafting China's policy toward Taiwan, Ellis Coffee notes that while the PLAN is largely responsible for coercing and deterring Taiwan from independence, the Plan's aggressive statements and military exercises are mostly for show rather than a precursor to action Coffee 1997, 64-68).Coffee points out that there is â€Å"no concrete evidence that PLAN leaders have pushed for military action against Taiwan,†and that â€Å"logic does not point to this conclusion†Foe 1997, 68). The Plan's military posturing may benefit its budget and influence, but â€Å"any military action aeries the danger of escalation†¦ Its costs are likely to be enormous. †Accordingly, the PLAN flirts with threatening statements, but it is not courting the idea of actual military aggression. The ce ntral problem in trying to understand The Party security thinking lies in an inability to see how the PLAN would be able to harness even its most impressive new capabilities to prevail – at an acceptable cost – in a conflict†(Newer 2009, 206). The higher the costs for a host nation in initiating conflict, the less likely offensive action will be pursued (Braver 2007/8, 78); as a result, without including imperialism and its role in providing growth and prosperity, the existing realist equation used to predict conflict is utterly inadequate.Both statements and military modernization efforts are being interpreted using traditional realism (Newer 2009, 206-207); however, the reality screams of a different truth. Today, the economic costs of aggression are mitigating security concerns – China learned this truth briefly after Attainment Square, and they have been wary of aggression ever since. China – Prosperity as a Strategic Imperative The secret to C hina's meteoric rise, according to William Overshot, has been emulating global best practices in economic development (Overshot 2012, 134).China's economy has grown 14 fold over the past 30 years sustaining a roughly 10% annual growth in GAP. Such immense prosperity is directly attributable to a strategy China is both the most pure form of prosperity-interest, and the first to openly acknowledge that the military prerogative takes a backseat to domestic prosperity. One of the most pressing domestic security and economic concerns for the ICP is â€Å"sustaining adequate Job growth for tens of millions of migrants, new entrants to the ark force, and workers laid off from state-owned enterprises not worth saving†(Myers 2010, 4).Accordingly, China launched, in 2000, a ‘Go Global' strategy which sought to encourage Chinese firms to invest overseas, and to attract overseas investments into the mainland. The Go Global strategy makes China better able to â€Å"seek more profi table ways of investing its massive accumulation of foreign exchange reserves, [to] gain access to foreign technology and management skills to help domestic firms become more efficient and internationally competitive, and most importantly, [to] acquire energy and raw materials†(Myers 2010, 4-5).By the close of 2004, over 80% of the world's top 500 companies have invested in China (Snyder 2009, 23). In 1975 China's net trade revenues were $15 billion; by the close of 2006, trade totals eclipsed $1. 5 trillion (Snyder, 2009, 23) – an increase of roughly FED 1983 totaled a mere $636 million; in 2008, FED totaled $92 billion (Myers 2010, 4). Additionally, the Chinese government estimates that there are currently 286,200 foreign companies currently operating in China employing more than 42 million Chinese citizens (Myers 2010, 4).These figures illustrate that China's rise has been dependent on attracting foreign capital and external resources. Newer argues that more than si mply an economic need, China's mass importation of materials and energy is part of a systematic strategy to force resource rich neighboring nations to rely on China for their own prosperity (Newer 2009, 208-209). This reliance, argues Newer, forms a dependency in which China guarantees regional stability and nonviolence by ensuring that no neighboring nation would attack China because that nation's economy is utterly dependent upon China's import and consumer power (Newer 009, 208).What Newer fails to appreciate or note, however, is that China has come to equally depend on these neighboring nations much in the same way. Dependency theory is often presented negatively in IR (often used to explain how the strong ‘North' exploits and suppresses the weak ‘South'), but it is not necessarily a bad thing. Dependency implies an overlap of shared interest. China has negotiated a $41 billion with Australia for its liquefied natural gas; and they have agreed too $5. 6 billion deal with Manner, a Chinese border-nation, to export energy from Manner's leading energy consortium (Myers 2010, 5).The fundamental shift in power transition theory demands why, in today's world, would any country stab a trading partner in the back after formalizing massively beneficial commercial exchanges? Conclusion Somali pirates have resurged lately disrupting the flow of oil from the Middle East. Because great power prosperity is heavily reliant on this flow of oil, the Gulf is now being protected by Chinese, European, and American warships all coexisting in this small waterway to protect material resources that quite literally fuel each nation's economic growth.Traditional realism should predict conflict in the gulf considering oil is currently one of the most coveted natural resources. However, rather than nation is happy to avoid conflict so long as oil flows unobstructed. Commercialism if effectively minimizing traditional security concerns. What will ultimately determine China 's rise is not a security dilemma, but whether its domestic reforms can keep pace with economic realities that dictate national growth or stagnation. China has become aware of such a reality and has opted to pursue prosperity.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Create and Customize Buttons With the DBNavigator
Create and Customize Buttons With the DBNavigator Ok, the DBNavigator does its job of navigating data and managing records. Unfortunately, my customers want more user-friendly experience, like custom button graphics and captions, ... This inquiry came from a Delphi developer searching for a way to enhance the power of the DBNavigator component. The DBNavigator is a great component- it provides a VCR-like interface for navigating data and managing records in database applications. Record navigation is provided by the First, Next, Prior, and Last buttons. Record management is provided by the Edit, Post, Cancel, Delete, Insert, and Refresh buttons. In one component Delphi provides everything you need, to operate on your data. However, as the author of the e-mail inquiry also stated, the DBNavigator lacks some features like custom glyphs, button captions, and others. A More Powerful DBNavigator Many Delphi components have useful properties and methods that are marked invisible (protected) to a Delphi developer. Hopefully, to access such protected members of a component, a simple technique called the protected hack can be used. First, youll add a caption to every DBNavigator button, then youll add custom graphics, and finally, youll OnMouseUp-enable each button. From the boring DBNavigator to either of: Standard graphics and custom captionsOnly captionsCustom graphics and custom captions Lets Rock n Roll The DBNavigator has a protected Buttons property. This member is an array of TNavButton, a descendant of TSpeedButton. Since each button in this protected property inherits from TSpeedButton, if you get our hands on it, youll be able to work with standard TSpeedButton properties like: Caption (a string that identifies the control to the user), Glyph (the bitmap that appears on the button), Layout (determines where the image or text appears on the button)... From the DBCtrls unit (where DBNavigator is defined) you read that the protected Buttons property is declared as: Buttons: array[TNavigateBtn] of TNavButton; Where TNavButton inherits from TSpeedButton and TNavigateBtn is an enumeration, defined as : TNavigateBtn (nbFirst, nbPrior, nbNext, nbLast, nbInsert, nbDelete, nbEdit, nbPost, nbCancel, nbRefresh); Note that TNavigateBtn holds 10 values, each identifying different button on a TDBNavigator object. Now, lets see how to hack a DBNavigator: Enhanced DBNavigator​ First, set up a simple data editing Delphi form by placing at least a DBNavigator, a DBGrid, a DataSoure and a Dataset object of your choice (ADO, BDE, dbExpres, ...). Make sure all components are connected. Second, hack a DBNavigator by defining an inherited dummy class, above the Form declaration, like: type THackDBNavigator class(TDBNavigator); type TForm1 class(TForm) ... Next, to be able to display custom captions and graphics on each DBNavigator button, youll need to set up some glyphs. You can use the TImageList component and assign 10 pictures (.bmp or .ico), each representing an action of a particular button of a DBNavigator. Third, in the OnCreate event for the Form1, add a call like: procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject); SetupHackedNavigator(DBNavigator1, ImageList1);end; Make sure you add the declaration of this procedure in the private part of the form declaration, like: type TForm1 class(TForm) ... privateprocedure SetupHackedNavigator(const Navigator : TDBNavigator; const Glyphs : TImageList); ... Fourth, add the SetupHackedNavigator procedure. The SetupHackedNavigator procedure adds custom graphics to each button and assigns a custom caption to each button. uses Buttons; //!!! dont forgetprocedure TForm1.SetupHackedNavigator (const Navigator : TDBNavigator; const Glyphs : TImageList);const Captions : array[TNavigateBtn] of string (Initial, Previous, Later, Final, Add, Erase, Correct, Send, Withdraw, Revive);(* Captions : array[TNavigateBtn] of string (First, Prior, Next, Last, Insert, Delete, Edit, Post, Cancel, Refresh); in Croatia (localized): Captions : array[TNavigateBtn] of string (Prvi, Prethodni, Slijedeci, Zadnji, Dodaj, Obrisi, Promjeni, Spremi, Odustani, Osvjezi);*)var btn : TNavigateBtn;beginfor btn : Low(TNavigateBtn) to High(TNavigateBtn) dowith THackDBNavigator(Navigator).Buttons[btn] dobegin//from the Captions const array Caption : Captions[btn]; //the number of images in the Glyph property NumGlyphs : 1; // Remove the old glyph. Glyph : nil; // Assign the custom one Glyphs.GetBitmap(Integer(btn),Glyph); // gylph above text Layout : blGlyphTop; // explained later OnMouseUp : HackNavMouseUp; end;end; (*SetupHackedNav igator*) Ok, lets explain. You iterate through all the buttons in the DBNavigator. Recall that each button is accessible from the protected Buttons array property- therefore the need for the THackDBNavigator class. Since the type of the Buttons array is TNavigateBtn, you go from the first (using the Low function) button to the last (using the High function) one. For each button, you simply remove the old glyph, assign the new one (from the Glyphs parameter), add the caption from the Captions array and mark the layout of the glyph. Note that you can control which buttons are displayed by a DBNavigator (not the hacked one) through its VisibleButtons property. Another property whose default value you may want to change is Hints- use it to supply Help Hints of your choosing for the individual navigator button. You can control the display of the Hints by editing the ShowHints property. Thats it. This is why youve picked Delphi! Gimme More! Why stop here? You know that when you click the nbNext button the datasets current position is advanced to the next record. What if you want to move, lets say, 5 records ahead if the user is holding the CTRL key while pressing the button? How about that? The standard DBNavigator does not have the OnMouseUp event- the one that carries the Shift parameter of the TShiftState- enabling you to test for the state of the Alt, Ctrl, and Shift keys. The DBNavigator only provides the OnClick event for you to handle. However, the THackDBNavigator can simply expose the OnMouseUp event and enable you to see the state of the control keys and even the position of the cursor above the particular button when clicked! Ctrl Click : 5 Rows Ahead To expose the OnMouseUp you simply assign your custom event handling procedure to the OnMouseUp event for the button of the hacked DBNavigator. This exactly is already done in the SetupHackedNavigator procedure:OnMouseUp : HackNavMouseUp; Now, the HackNavMouseUp procedure could look like: procedure TForm1.HackNavMouseUp (Sender:TObject; Button: TMouseButton; Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);const MoveBy : integer 5;beginif NOT (Sender is TNavButton) then Exit; case TNavButton(Sender).Index of nbPrior: if (ssCtrl in Shift) then TDBNavigator(TNavButton(Sender).Parent). DataSource.DataSet.MoveBy(-MoveBy); nbNext: if (ssCtrl in Shift) then TDBNavigator(TNavButton(Sender).Parent). DataSource.DataSet.MoveBy(MoveBy); end; end;(*HackNavMouseUp*) Note that you need to add the signature of the HackNavMouseUp procedure inside the private part of the form declaration (near the declaration of the SetupHackedNavigator procedure): type TForm1 class(TForm) ... privateprocedure SetupHackedNavigator(const Navigator : TDBNavigator; const Glyphs : TImageList); procedure HackNavMouseUp(Sender:TObject; Button: TMouseButton; Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer); ... Ok, lets explain, one more time. The HackNavMouseUp procedure handles the OnMouseUp event for each DBNavigator button. If the user is holding the CTRL key while clicking the nbNext button, the current record for the linked dataset is moved MoveBy (defined as constant with the value of 5) records ahead. What? Overcomplicated? Yep. You do not need to mess with all this if you only need to check the state of the control keys when the button was clicked. Heres how to do the same in the ordinary OnClick event of the ordinary DBNavigator: procedure TForm1.DBNavigator1Click(Sender: TObject; Button: TNavigateBtn); function CtrlDown : Boolean; var State : TKeyboardState; begin GetKeyboardState(State); Result : ((State[vk_Control] And 128) 0); end;const MoveBy : integer 5;begincase Button of nbPrior: if CtrlDown then DBNavigator1.DataSource.DataSet.MoveBy(-MoveBy); nbNext: if CtrlDown then DBNavigator1.DataSource.DataSet.MoveBy(MoveBy); end; //caseend;(*DBNavigator2Click*) Thats All Folks And finally, the project is done. Or you can keep going. Heres a scenario/task/idea for you: Lets say you want only one button to replace the nbFirst, nbPrevious, nbNext, and nbLast buttons. You can use the X, and Y parameters inside the HackNavMouseUp procedure to find the position of the cursor when the button was released. Now, to this one button (to rule them all) you can attach a picture that has 4 areas, each area is suppose to mimic one of the buttons you are replacing ... got the point?
Monday, October 21, 2019
Retirement Plans essays
Retirement Plans essays In today's hyper-competitive world, attracting and retaining the best talent possible is key to competitive advantage. One of the many ways organizations accomplish this is through the implementation of retirement plans for their employees. A retirement plan is an arrangement to provide people with an income, possibly a pension, during retirement when they are no longer earning a steady income from employment, or an asset from which a person may draw an income from as needed (Retirement plans, 2007). This paper will overview the historical development of retirement plans and how they are currently being utilized today as a significant recruitment tool. In today's hyper-competitive world, attracting and retaining the best talent possible is key to competitive advantage. One of the many ways organizations accomplish this is through the implementation of retirement plans for their employees. A retirement plan is an arrangement to provide people with an income, possibly a pension, during retirement when they are no longer earning a steady income from employment, or an asset from which a person may draw an income from as needed (Retirement plans, 2007). This paper will overview the historical development of retirement plans and how they are currently being utilized today as a significant recruitment tool. Historical Overview of Retirement Plans: The American Express Company was the first organization to offer a retirement plan, in the United States, with the first private pension plan, in 1875. Prior to this time, private -sector plans did not exist, as most organizations were small, family-run enterprises. By 1921, the practice had caught on, and the Revenue Act of 1921 was implemented, exempting interest income on profit-sharing plans or trusts for stock bonus, from current taxation. Taxes would be incurred on trust income as it was distributed to employees, when it exceeded th...
Sunday, October 20, 2019
4 Underrated Skills Your Company Might be Neglecting
4 Underrated Skills Your Company Might be Neglecting According to Bruce Tulgan, Founder and Chairman of Rainmaker Thinking, companies that prioritize specific soft skills behaviors tend to have a stronger and more positive corporate culture. Take Disney or the Marine Corps: They prioritize outreach to young people and value qualities like loyalty and dedication. A profitable rental car chain has high profits and fast growth- according to Tulgan, it’s because they emphasize self-presentation, quality, initiative, and problem-solving. These results aren’t accidents; they’re what happens when an organization focuses on its priorities and emphasizes them throughout the company.AlignmentCompany branding should be consistent and accessible; slogans, images, messages that support the brand’s shared meaning- all should also be backed up by the prevailing company culture.ConsistencyAnyone who’s ever worked an office job has probably gone to a corporate retreat or summit session or company wide love fest, liste ned to keynote speakers, participated (more or less willingly) in breakout sessions, brainstormed, presented, and watched company leaders â€Å"synthesize takeaways†or revamp the mission statement. It’s inspiring and impressive and there’s no way it’s all just bluster, right?Except then†¦ nothing happens. It was a waste of everyone’s time and the company obviously has a lot more mouth than money to put with it. Don’t try to change corporate culture overnight, and definitely don’t come up with buzzwords that sound great but remain utterly detached from what you actually do and how your employees behave.AccountabilityEven if you oversee the most Millennial crop of interns to ever sigh, check their phones, and make coffee at the rate it would take a burro to climb out of the Andes, it’s foolish to blame the â€Å"generation gap†entirely on them. Your company had a culture before they came along, and now that theyà ¢â‚¬â„¢re here, your company culture has to adapt. They may surprise you with innovation or rapid adaptations to change if you accept and value them as contributors to the team instead of the whippersnappers snapchatting in the break room.That said, it’s fine if your company culture involves no personal media at work- just make sure you’re not also insisting they maintain vibrant social media company profiles, because that contrast just makes you look petty.Self-AssessmentWhat do you value? How is that reflected in the work you prioritize, the people you support, and the work you produce? Would a newcomer to your company agree that there’s a positive culture? Is there cohesion? Retention? Is morale high or resigned? From your earliest stages of hiring interviews to your highest levels of company goal-setting, make sure you’re reinforcing the culture that you want to represent you and your brand. How to Unlock the Power of Soft Skills Read More at Hu ffington Post
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Management - Managing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Management - Managing People - Essay Example It is said that the existence of motivators at the place of work account for the motivation of employees however their absence did not bring about any dissatisfaction. Some of the principle motivators recognized in this regard are responsibility, recognition, promotion, achievement etc (Mullins, 2010, p.265). The efficiency that the organization has gained over the years along with the attainment of Six Sigma has been responsible for acting as a motivating force behind their job performance. The organization has been able to attain great management excellence and efficiency. This is demonstrated through the fact that their error rate diminished dramatically which have been responsible for the attainment of great operational excellence. ... This relates to the high achievement needs of people as proposed by McClelland. The high need for achievement among the workers drives them to even negotiate with traffic on bicycles or foot at rapid pace to deliver to the required destinations as per their commitment. McClelland has perceived the achievement motive as most crucial for attainment of success and growth (Mullins, 2010, p.267). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs As per the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, the workers involved in the service demonstrate the need for self actualization which the highest order need in the hierarchy of needs in the theory. The Mumbai dabbawalahs represent the fact that the basic needs in the hierarchy have been satisfied and they have moved up to the higher order needs. The basic needs like physiological needs, security needs and social needs have already been attained and would not be able to provide any more motivation. The theory does not intend to provide an explanation of mot ivation in the place of work. However, a number of managerial theorists have adopted it. The theory has suggested that employees would always tend to acquire more from their employers. When they would be satisfied with the subsistence needs they would try to obtain the security needs which would be followed by the need to fulfil social needs and would ultimately result in fulfilling the self actualization need. The workers are now trying to seek the need for self actualization which is done by maintaining such efficiency and performance which is comparable to some of the leading corporations in the world (Mullins, 2010, p.260). Alderfer’s modified need hierarchy model The Alderfer’s modified need hierarchy also applies in this case.
Friday, October 18, 2019
Managing the Impaired Nurse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words
Managing the Impaired Nurse - Research Paper Example As an integral part of the delivery of quality healthcare, the functioning capabilities of the nurse must be on par with the standards required by the institution and the position within that institution held by the nurse. An impaired nurse, by definition, is lacking in the ability to perform their duties at a level sufficient to successfully provide their patients with quality care and meet the standards defined by their position. The complete technical definition, according to Dunn considers a nurse to be impaired â€Å"when alcohol or drug use affects their cognitive, interpersonal or psychomotor skills to the point where they can no longer satisfy their professional code of ethics or standards of practice†. As a management leader, the quality of the decisions made regarding the identification of a nurse impaired, whether due to drug abuse or the use of other mind-altering substances, is vital to the success or failure in the ability of the staff to provide their patients w ith proper care. Since nurses represent the largest discipline within the healthcare infrastructure, strong leadership is vital to a healthy work environment, job satisfaction, improved patient safety outcomes, lower turnover rates, and positive outcomes for organizations, patients and healthcare providers. (Curtis, de Vries, & Sheerin, 2011). The primary requisites for successful management and leadership, as depicted by Marquis & Huston (2012), are decision making, problem solving, and critical thinking, which are considered to be learned skills that improve over time and with consistent use. The overall imperative of nursing, like all healthcare practices, is to provide optimal care to patients to help cure or better their conditions and, since the ability of the impaired nurse to achieve this function degrades according to their degree of impairment, it is vital for nurse leaders and managers to address these issues. Impaired nurses pose a significant risk to the health and safe ty of patients and it is essential that management and leadership staff members have accurate information regarding the prevention, identification, investigation, and reporting of a nurse with a substance abuse or chemical dependency problem so that they are able to assist in the referral of a nurse with a substance abuse or chemical dependency problem for appropriate assessment and monitoring (Colorado Board of Nursing, 2003). In addition, seeking help for the impaired nurse can potentially enable the nurse to eventually return to their duties once they have completed their recovery. Each year, statewide monitoring agencies receive thousands of complaints against RNs and LPNs, and a significant number of these complaints are regarding suspected drug/alcohol/chemical dependency issues, which makes the condition of the impaired nurse a significant national problem. For this reason, the topic of managing the impaired nurse is of significant interest and is one I feel should be address ed.
Class student dicussions answers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2
Class student dicussions answers - Assignment Example You also provided a simple ‘what to do’ measures in order to eliminate the risk of viruses affecting the computer. It is a good insight that you gave about training the new users on how to detect scam emails and not click on the provided unknown links, and also executing an anti-malware or anti-virus scan whenever accessing an external memory drive. You could have also added not auto-executing flash drive programs or executables. Another thing that I feel should be a part of training for novices should be proper usage of trusted sites for downloads security features available in the browsers. Brain, you defined what Kevin said. You explained how a honeypot is implemented outside the main network and it sacrifices itself for the protection of the main, critical network. The best things that you told about the honeypot networks in general, are the disadvantages of implementing them. Cost was always a default factor but yes it would take more toil on the system administrator to monitor and look after this network’s resources. I would partially agree with the last comment you made on comparing advantages and disadvantages. For critical data organizations, we do need these honeypots but for smaller organizations, we cannot afford to have such a high cost. You also specifically mentioned what intrusion detection systems and firewalls we can use for information security. As opposed to Kevin, you have provided specific details on three main techniques of ensuring information security within the organization. You also made good points on differentiating how software and hardware security systems work in unison to provide maximum security to the organizational data. I completely agree that software based security is either algorithmic or rule based but hardware based security is almost rule based. The explanation of how routers work
Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7
Presentation - Essay Example It is also important to note that daily life challenges and observations enabled data collection through observations. The sources show consistency in the evaluation of contributions of technological advancements to the livelihoods and environmental issues. In common, the sources highlight that since the advent of technology, individuals have progressed inventions and technologies in order to manipulate the world. Technology also assists people to meet daily needs. However, technology presents both adverse and good fortunes for environment and humans. First, fossil fuel and enhancement in technology has increased carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere causing erosion of ozone and global warming (Johnson par. 2). Second, technology affects work life balance and administering responsibilities (Richardson par. 6). Third, technological innovations play a critical role in the degradation of world environment and the welfare of human life (Sean par. 3). Fourth, progressions in technology promote economic success at the expense of environmental sustainability (Oscar 1). Finally, the United Nations age ncy outlines that technology to create lifestyles that sustain the environment. Based on the information from the sources, I can make conclusions that environment, man, and technology depend on one another. Similarly, the environment comprises of scarce resources that man should exploit in a sustainable manner to achieve the comforts of life. Despite the anticipated opportunities, technology can harm both environment and human life if wrongly applied. For instance, technological advancements are the main causes of environmental challenges experienced in the contemporary world. However, my analysis of the whole research shows that technology has immense advantages to the environment and man. The success of the innovation changes depend on the appropriate
Thursday, October 17, 2019
The Last of the Founders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
The Last of the Founders - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that unknown to her, she was invoking the Preamble when she honored the soldiers after each battle won since is it an action of common defense. Isn’t it an act of promoting general welfare when she mobilized the society who contributed their own funds to reestablish Washington, the seat of the government, when it was destroyed by the enemies? In effect she was demonstrating domestic tranquility when she tried to unite political parties by throwing parties bringing together two opposing political parties; introducing social etiquette and protocol included. In renovating the White House she wanted every Americans to take pride of it; because to her, the White House is the representation of authority, and a common defense.  This paper outlines that Dolley Madison had every right to be called the â€Å"last founders†because she put into practice the idealism prescribed in the Constitution long before it was penned in to law. She created symbolic ties that brought the government closer to the lives of people which were never done before. To me, she has earned that right to be called the Last Founder as she instituted manners and behaviors as a way to regulate human society and government. Thomas Jefferson, for one, her husband’s predecessor, disliked the meddling of women in politics and those others who were settled that women should not indulge in politics and should stay as domestics. ... To me, she has earned that right to be called the Last Founder as she instituted manners and behaviors as a way to regulate human society and government. Criticisms on this move favored her since it was said, â€Å"laws might regulate behaviors, but manners formed the heart and the mind†(Allgor’s Parlor Politics, p 55). It was theorized that this was extremely necessary, since manners played a crucial role in civilizing a society. However, there are those who would not agree on this. Thomas Jefferson, for one, her husband’s predecessor, disliked the meddling of women in politics and those others who were settled that women should not indulge in politics and should stay as domestics. This could practically be correct, because women at those times were denied of their rights. Others viewed it as the Scottish Enlightenment would say, that the presence of women in politics would confuse men, and that in some instances, contradict men’s ideas (Allgor’s Parlor Politics, p.55). Still others, particularly, the Anti-Federalists view the participation of ladies would introduce the government in a monarchy system, and would encourage the rise of aristocracy wherein ruling becomes a center of fashion. Dolley lived during the era of highly gendered world. Thus men were frightened of the â€Å"creeping monarchy†that would endanger both men and women†. Women were depicted with excessive longings for dresses and manner, thus it was said â€Å"the natural tie with women would sap the masculine vigor of the young Republic†,(Allgor’s Parlor Politics, p.55 ) and so therefore the title â€Å"last founder†does not describe of her. The Anti-Federalist viewed Madison’s presidency as a rising monarch. Everyone viewed this as a
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Discuss the definition and Sources of Christain Theology and how is Essay
Discuss the definition and Sources of Christain Theology and how is Systematic Theology related to Christain Ethics - Essay Example 578). The word theology is made up of two words that have a Greek origin: theosthat means God whereas logos means study. In brief, theology is the study that is aiming at knowing more about God. Systematic has a Greek origin; synistemimeaning to comprehend or in other word to organize. Therefore, systematic theology is the organization of the information about God (Webster, Tanner & Torrance 2007, p. 648). Systematic theology integrates many aspects of historical, biblical and philosophical theology. The aim of the systematic theology is to get clear knowledge of the Biblical teachings towards particular doctrines (McGrath 2001, p. 115). The theological disciplines that are in relation to the systematic theology are historical theology, apologetic theory, practical theology, exegetical theology, biblical theology and practical theology. Apologetical Theology deals with the questions arising from the Christian faith. The many questions that arise from the apologetics one being, how can they know if Christianity is right? Through a clear understanding of Christian apologetics, one can defend Christianity. The fact that the years use Before Christ (BC) and After Christ (AC) is a hint to show that Christ existed. It makes the Christian faith real (Grenz & Placher 2003, p. 283). The main agenda of the apologetics is to build a foundation that has the facts of theism. Through the systematic theology, one can gather the facts and organize them as evidence towards defending the Christian faith. It is a discipline that is focusing mainly on what the text says. It is an extensive subject that has several sub-disciplines. These are biblical languages, canonic, Biblical history and archaeology, textual criticism, exegesis proper and hermeneutics. Canonic discipline focuses on the 66 books of the Holy Bible where the New Testament has 27 books, and the Old Testament has
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